By Dr. Harshitha Reddy,Consultant Dermatologist – Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition marked by the loss of pigmentation in patches, resulting in white or light-colored areas on the skin. While it affects approximately 1–2% of the global population, it remains one of the most misunderstood conditions—medically, culturally, and socially. These misunderstandings have led to harmful myths that not only distort public perception but also contribute to the emotional and psychological challenges faced by those living with vitiligo.
One of the most damaging myths is that vitiligo is contagious. This misconception causes unnecessary fear and social isolation for people living with the condition. The reality is that vitiligo cannot be spread through physical contact, sharing personal items, or being in close proximity to someone who has it. It is an autoimmune disorder, not an infectious disease.
Another widespread belief is that vitiligo is caused by poor hygiene or a lack of cleanliness. This myth is not only false but also deeply stigmatizing. Vitiligo is the result of melanocytes—pigment-producing cells—being attacked or destroyed by the body’s immune system. It has no connection to personal hygiene, diet, or lifestyle choices. Cleanliness has nothing to do with its onset or progression.
Some cultures view vitiligo as a curse or a form of divine punishment. These superstitions are rooted in ignorance and contribute to the social exclusion of those affected. In reality, vitiligo has biological causes that may include genetic predisposition, autoimmune responses, and oxidative stress. While the exact cause is not always identifiable, it is entirely unrelated to moral behavior or spiritual beliefs.
Many people also believe that vitiligo only affects people with darker skin. Although it may be more visible on darker skin tones, it can and does affect individuals of all ethnicities and skin types. The condition’s visibility can make it seem more prevalent among certain populations, but in truth, vitiligo is a global condition that does not discriminate.
A common misconception is that vitiligo is untreatable and hopeless. While there is currently no cure, several treatment options exist to manage the condition. These include topical medications, light therapy (phototherapy), and surgical techniques such as skin grafting. In some cases, depigmentation therapy may be used to create a more uniform skin tone. The effectiveness of treatments varies from person to person, but ongoing research continues to offer hope for improved care.
Another myth is that vitiligo is solely a cosmetic issue. This belief trivializes the significant emotional and psychological burden the condition can place on individuals. Many people with vitiligo experience anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal due to their appearance and how others respond to them. The condition often affects self-esteem, especially in children and adolescents who may face bullying or exclusion. Addressing vitiligo requires a compassionate and comprehensive approach that includes psychological support.
Finally, some believe that people with vitiligo should avoid the sun entirely. While sun protection is important—because depigmented skin is more vulnerable to sunburn—moderate sun exposure under proper guidance can be beneficial, especially when used in conjunction with certain treatments like phototherapy. Blanket avoidance is not necessary and should not be assumed.
Dispelling these myths is vital to fostering a more inclusive and informed society. Vitiligo does not define a person’s worth or abilities, and understanding the facts helps break down barriers of ignorance and fear. On World Vitiligo Day and beyond, embracing accurate information is a powerful step toward empathy, advocacy, and change.
